Zipangizo za polima tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, mauthenga apakompyuta, zoyendetsa, zopangira mphamvu zomanga, ndege, chitetezo cha dziko ndi zina zambiri chifukwa cha katundu wawo wabwino kwambiri monga kulemera kwa kuwala, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kutentha ndi kukana dzimbiri.Izi sizimangopereka msika wotakata wamakampani atsopano azinthu za polima, komanso zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pakuchita bwino kwake, mulingo wodalirika komanso kuthekera kotsimikizira.
Chifukwa chake, momwe mungakulitsire magwiridwe antchito a zinthu za polima mogwirizana ndi mfundo yopulumutsa mphamvu, kutsika kwa carbon ndi chitukuko cha chilengedwe chikukulirakulira.Ndipo ukalamba ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza kudalirika komanso kulimba kwa zida za polima.
Kenaka, tiwona zomwe ndi ukalamba wa zipangizo za polima, mitundu ya ukalamba, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ukalamba, njira zazikulu zotsutsana ndi ukalamba ndi kukalamba kwa mapulasitiki asanu.
A. Kukalamba kwa pulasitiki
Mawonekedwe apangidwe ndi mawonekedwe azinthu za polima komanso zinthu zawo zakunja monga kutentha, kuwala, mpweya wotentha, ozoni, madzi, asidi, alkali, mabakiteriya ndi ma enzyme omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito amawapangitsa kuti azitha kuwonongeka kapena kutayika panthawiyi. za ntchito.
Izi sizimangowononga zinthu zokha, komanso zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi zazikulu chifukwa cha kulephera kwake kugwira ntchito, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ukalamba zimathanso kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Kukalamba kwa zida za polima pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kungayambitse masoka akulu komanso kutayika kosasinthika.
Chifukwa chake, zoletsa kukalamba kwa zinthu za polima zakhala vuto lomwe makampani a polima amayenera kuthana nawo.
B. Mitundu ya ukalamba wa zinthu za polima
Pali zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaukalamba ndi mawonekedwe chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polima komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, kukalamba kwa zinthu za polima kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu inayi yosintha.
01 Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe
Madontho, mawanga, mizere ya siliva, ming'alu, kuzizira, choko, kukakamira, kupindika, maso a nsomba, makwinya, kufinya, kupsa mtima, kupotoza kwa kuwala ndi kusintha kwamitundu.
02 Kusintha kwa zinthu zakuthupi
Kuphatikizira kusungunuka, kutupa, rheological katundu ndi kusintha kukana kuzizira, kukana kutentha, permeability madzi, permeability mpweya ndi zina.
03 Kusintha kwazinthu zamakina
Kusintha kwamphamvu kwamanjenje, mphamvu yopindika, mphamvu yakumeta ubweya, mphamvu yamphamvu, kutalika kwachibale, kupumula kupsinjika ndi zina.
04 Kusintha kwamagetsi
Monga kukana pamwamba, kukana kwa voliyumu, kusinthasintha kwa dielectric, mphamvu yakuwonongeka kwamagetsi ndi zosintha zina.
C. Kusanthula kwa Microscopic kukalamba kwa zinthu za polima
Ma polima amapanga malo osangalatsa a mamolekyu pamaso pa kutentha kapena kuwala, ndipo mphamvu ikakhala yokwanira, unyolo wa maselo amasweka kuti apange ma radicals aulere, omwe amatha kupanga maunyolo mkati mwa polima ndikupitiliza kuyambitsa kuwonongeka komanso kungayambitsenso kuwoloka. kulumikiza.
Ngati mpweya kapena ozoni ulipo m'chilengedwe, machitidwe angapo a okosijeni amapangidwanso, kupanga ma hydroperoxides (ROOH) ndikuwolanso m'magulu a carbonyl.
Ngati ma ion otsalira azitsulo azitsulo amapezeka mu polima, kapena ngati ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa, chitsulo, manganese ndi cobalt abweretsedwa panthawi yokonza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa polima kumathandizira.
D. Njira yayikulu yopititsira patsogolo ntchito yoletsa kukalamba
Pakalipano, pali njira zinayi zazikulu zopititsira patsogolo ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yotsutsa kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima motere.
01 Chitetezo chakuthupi (kukhuthala, kupenta, kusanjika kwakunja, ndi zina)
Kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima, makamaka ukalamba wa photo-oxidative, umayamba kuchokera pamwamba pa zipangizo kapena zinthu, zomwe zimawonekera ngati kusinthika, kupukuta, kusweka, kuchepa kwa gloss, ndi zina zotero, kenako pang'onopang'ono kumapita mozama mkati.Zogulitsa zoonda zimatha kulephera kale kuposa zinthu zokhuthala, kotero moyo wautumiki wazinthuzo ukhoza kukulitsidwa ndikukulitsa zinthuzo.
Kwa zinthu zomwe zimakonda kukalamba, nsalu yotchinga yolimbana ndi nyengo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena yokutidwa pamwamba, kapena chinthu chopanda nyengo chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa pamtundu wakunja wa zinthuzo, kotero kuti wosanjikiza wotetezera ukhoza kumangirizidwa. pamwamba pa mankhwala kuchepetsa ukalamba.
02 Kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo waukadaulo
Zida zambiri mu kaphatikizidwe kapena kukonzekera ndondomeko, palinso vuto la ukalamba.Mwachitsanzo, chikoka cha kutentha pa polymerization, matenthedwe ndi mpweya kukalamba pa processing, etc. Ndiye moyenerera, chikoka cha okosijeni akhoza m'mbuyo powonjezera deaerating chipangizo kapena zingalowe chipangizo pa polymerization kapena processing.
Komabe, njirayi ingangotsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikugwira ntchito pafakitale, ndipo njirayi imangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku gwero la kukonzekera kwazinthu, ndipo sangathe kuthetsa vuto lake laukalamba panthawi yokonzanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito.
03 Mapangidwe kapena kusinthidwa kwazinthu
Zida zambiri za macromolecule zimakhala ndi magulu okalamba mu kapangidwe ka maselo, kotero kupyolera mu mapangidwe a maselo azinthu, m'malo mwa magulu okalamba ndi magulu omwe sali okalamba nthawi zambiri amatha kuchita bwino.
04 Kuwonjezera zowonjezera zoletsa kukalamba
Pakalipano, njira yothandiza komanso yodziwika bwino yowonjezeretsa kukalamba kwa zipangizo za polima ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika ndipo palibe chifukwa chosinthira njira yopangira.Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zowonjezerera zoletsa kukalamba izi.
The odana ndi ukalamba zina (ufa kapena madzi) ndi utomoni ndi zipangizo zina zopangira mwachindunji kusakaniza ndi kusakaniza pambuyo extrusion granulation kapena jekeseni akamaumba, etc.. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta Kuwonjezera, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ambiri pelletizing ndi jekeseni akamaumba zomera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2022