1. Pulasitiki yochokera ku biologically yofanana ndi mapulasitiki osawonongeka
Malinga ndi matanthauzo oyenerera, mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio amatanthauza mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono totengera zinthu zachilengedwe monga wowuma.Biomass for bioplastics synthesis imatha kuchokera ku chimanga, nzimbe kapena mapadi.Ndipo biodegradable pulasitiki, amatanthauza zinthu zachilengedwe (monga dothi, mchenga ndi madzi a m'nyanja, etc.) kapena zinthu zina (monga kompositi, anaerobic chimbudzi zinthu kapena madzi chikhalidwe, etc.), ndi kanthu tizilombo (monga mabakiteriya, nkhungu, bowa ndi algae, ndi zina zotero) zimayambitsa kuwonongeka, ndipo pamapeto pake zimawola kukhala mpweya woipa, methane, madzi, mchere wa mineralized inorganic salt ndi zinthu zatsopano zapulasitiki.Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi bio amatanthauzidwa ndikugawidwa kutengera komwe kumachokera;Komano, mapulasitiki owonongeka, amagawidwa kuchokera ku mapeto a moyo.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, 100% ya mapulasitiki owonongeka akhoza kukhala osawonongeka, pamene mapulasitiki amtundu wa petroleum, monga butylene terephthalate (PBAT) ndi polycaprolactone (PCL), akhoza kukhala.
2. Zowonongeka zimatengedwa kuti ndizowonongeka
Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki kumatanthawuza za chilengedwe (kutentha, chinyezi, chinyezi, mpweya, ndi zina zotero) chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwapangidwe, kutayika kwa ntchito.Ikhoza kugawidwa mu kuwonongeka kwa makina, biodegradation, photodegradation, thermo-oxygen degradation ndi photooxygen degradation.Kaya pulasitiki idzawonongeka kwathunthu zimatengera zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza crystallinity, zowonjezera, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kutentha, pH yozungulira ndi nthawi.Popanda mikhalidwe yoyenera, mapulasitiki ambiri owonongeka sangathe kuwononga kwathunthu, komanso angakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chilengedwe ndi thanzi laumunthu.Monga mbali ya kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni wa zowonjezera pulasitiki, kokha kupasuka kwa zinthu, kuwonongeka mu particles wosaoneka pulasitiki.
3. Ganizirani za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kompositi ya mafakitale monga kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe
Simungathe kujambula chizindikiro chofanana pakati pa ziwirizi.Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kompositi ali m'gulu la mapulasitiki owonongeka.Mapulasitiki osawonongeka amaphatikizanso mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka mwanjira ya anaerobic.Compostable pulasitiki amatanthauza pulasitiki mu zinthu composting, mwa zochita za tizilombo, mu nthawi ina mu mpweya woipa, madzi ndi mineralized mchere mchere ndi zinthu zatsopano zili mu zinthu, ndipo potsiriza anapanga kompositi heavy metal okhutira, kawopsedwe mayeso. , zinyalala zotsalira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za miyezo yoyenera.Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kompositi amathanso kugawidwa mu kompositi ya mafakitale ndi kompositi ya m'munda.Mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi kompositi pamsika amakhala mapulasitiki owonongeka omwe ali ndi kompositi yamakampani.Chifukwa pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kompositi pulasitiki ndi biodegradable, kotero, ngati anataya compostable pulasitiki (monga madzi, nthaka) mu chilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki mu chilengedwe ndi wodekha kwambiri, sangathe kwathunthu kunyonyotsoka mu nthawi yochepa, monga mpweya woipa ndi madzi zotsatira zake zoipa pa chilengedwe ndi pulasitiki chikhalidwe, palibe kusiyana kwambiri.Kuonjezera apo, zanenedwa kuti mapulasitiki omwe amatha kuwonongeka, akaphatikizidwa ndi mapulasitiki ena omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso, amatha kuchepetsa katundu ndi ntchito za zipangizo zobwezeretsedwa.Mwachitsanzo, wowuma mu polylactic acid angayambitse mabowo ndi mawanga mufilimu yopangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2022